Substantive procedures
The auditor may perform substantive testing to obtain evidence in relation to environmental
matters. Below are some suggested procedures from IAPS 1010 The Consideration of
environmental matters in the audit of financial statements. It is not intended that all of the
procedures will be appropriate in any particular case. In many cases, the auditor may judge
it unnecessary to perform any of these procedures.
General
Documentary review
1 Consider minutes from meetings of directors, audit committees, or any other
subcommittees of the board specifically responsible for environmental matters.
2 Consider publicly available information regarding any existing or possible future
environmental matters.
3 Where relevant, consider:
(a) reports by environmental experts about the entity, such as site assessments,
due diligence investigations or environmental impact studies;
(b) internal audit reports and other internal reports dealing with environmental
matters;
(c) reports issued by, and correspondence with, regulatory and enforcement
agencies;
(d) publicly available registers or plans for the restoration of soil contamination;
(e) environmental performance reports issued by the entity; and
(f) correspondence with the entity's lawyers.
4 Obtain written representations from management that it has considered the effects of
environmental matters on the financial statements, and that it:
(a) is not aware of any material liabilities or contingencies arising from
environmental matters, including those resulting from illegal or possibly illegal
acts;
Corporate Governance varies around the World, largely due to different history and cultures. In the UK and US, the model is aimed primarily at the rights of shareholders. In Germany and much of continental Europe, and also in Japan, In Japan, many major company structures were traditionally based around banks. Large groups of companies from many industries would all be financed, and part-owned by a major bank, which would create a strong financial alliance. Cross-shareholdings between companies were common, and in many cases the companies in the "group" would all supply each other. In South America, Italy, Spain, and large parts of East Asia (e.g. Indonesia) the focus is more on banks play a more prominent role, often holding shares and having Board members. Such governance models tend to be more inclusive, ensuring that the rights of workers, customers and suppliers (and maybe the community) are represented at Board level. family ownership , with a large % of the bigges...
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