Financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS and a national
reporting framework
For financial statements to have been prepared in accordance with more than one financial
reporting framework, they must comply with each of the indicated frameworks individually.
A set of financial statements prepared in accordance with one framework containing a note
or supplementary statement reconciling the financial statements to the other is not sufficient.
In practice, simultaneous compliance with both IFRSs and a national financial reporting
framework is unlikely unless the country has adopted IFRSs as its national framework.
The auditor considers each framework separately. It is therefore possible to express an
unqualified opinion on compliance with one framework and a qualified/adverse opinion on
compliance with the other.
Additionally, it may be possible for non-compliance with one financial reporting framework to
cause failure to comply with the other financial reporting framework, in which case a
modified opinion would be issued on compliance with both frameworks
Corporate Governance varies around the World, largely due to different history and cultures. In the UK and US, the model is aimed primarily at the rights of shareholders. In Germany and much of continental Europe, and also in Japan, In Japan, many major company structures were traditionally based around banks. Large groups of companies from many industries would all be financed, and part-owned by a major bank, which would create a strong financial alliance. Cross-shareholdings between companies were common, and in many cases the companies in the "group" would all supply each other. In South America, Italy, Spain, and large parts of East Asia (e.g. Indonesia) the focus is more on banks play a more prominent role, often holding shares and having Board members. Such governance models tend to be more inclusive, ensuring that the rights of workers, customers and suppliers (and maybe the community) are represented at Board level. family ownership , with a large % of the bigges...
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