forensic auditing
A professional accountant could be engaged in a number of different contexts to perform
forensic work, the following practical situations could all feature in the exam.
The forensic accountant could be engaged to investigate fraud. For example, a business
that has fallen victim to fraud may engage the accountant to quantify the extent of the
losses. Alternatively, a forensic accountant may be called in to investigate and/or quantify
financial statement fraud (e.g. overstatement of revenue).
In a case where an auditor or accountant is being sued for negligence both parties may
wish to employ forensic accountants either to investigate the standard of work performed or
to establish the losses suffered by the plaintiff.
Insurance companies often engage forensic accountants to verify and report on the
amounts of losses suffered by a claimant where there is a dispute between the claimant and
the company.
Due to the nature of this work forensic accountants will very often be called as expert
witnesses in civil or criminal cases. This is a very important function and some jurisdictions
have specific rules governing their duties
For example, in England & Wales experts have a duty to exercise reasonable skill and care
to those instructing them, and to comply with any relevant professional code of ethics.
However, when they are instructed to give or prepare evidence for the purpose of civil
proceedings they have an overriding duty to help the court on matters within their expertise.
This duty overrides any obligation to the person instructing or paying them. Experts must not
serve the exclusive interest of those who retain them.
Form and content of reports ISAE 3000 does not stipulate a standardised format for the report. Different wording will have to be used depending on the engagement. The report should include the following basic elements. (a) A title that clearly indicates that the report is an independent assurance report; (b) An addressee; (c) An identification and description of the subject matter information and, when appropriate, the subject matter; (d) Identification of the criteria; (e) Where appropriate, a description of any significant inherent limitation associated with the evaluation or measurement of the subject matter against the criteria; (f) When the criteria are available only to specific intended users/relevant only to a specific purpose a statement restricting the use of the assurance report to those users/ that purpose; (g) A statement to identify the responsible party and to describe the responsible party's and the practitioner's responsibilities; (h) A statem
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