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Substantive procedures The auditor may perform substantive testing to obtain evidence in relation to environmental matters. Below are some suggested procedures from IAPS 1010 The Consideration of environmental matters in the audit of financial statements. It is not intended that all of the procedures will be appropriate in any particular case. In many cases, the auditor may judge it unnecessary to perform any of these procedures. General Documentary review 1 Consider minutes from meetings of directors, audit committees, or any other subcommittees of the board specifically responsible for environmental matters. 2 Consider publicly available information regarding any existing or possible future environmental matters. 3 Where relevant, consider: (a) reports by environmental experts about the entity, such as site assessments, due diligence investigations or environmental impact studies; (b) internal audit reports and other internal reports dealing with environmental matters; (c) reports is

Financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS and a national reporting framework For financial statements to have been prepared in accordance with more than one financial reporting framework, they must comply with each of the indicated frameworks individually. A set of financial statements prepared in accordance with one framework containing a note or supplementary statement reconciling the financial statements to the other is not sufficient. In practice, simultaneous compliance with both IFRSs and a national financial reporting framework is unlikely unless the country has adopted IFRSs as its national framework. The auditor considers each framework separately. It is therefore possible to express an unqualified opinion on compliance with one framework and a qualified/adverse opinion on compliance with the other. Additionally, it may be possible for non-compliance with one financial reporting framework to cause failure to comply with the other financial reporting framework, in

forensic auditing A professional accountant could be engaged in a number of different contexts to perform forensic work, the following practical situations could all feature in the exam. The forensic accountant could be engaged to investigate fraud. For example, a business that has fallen victim to fraud may engage the accountant to quantify the extent of the losses. Alternatively, a forensic accountant may be called in to investigate and/or quantify financial statement fraud (e.g. overstatement of revenue). In a case where an auditor or accountant is being sued for negligence both parties may wish to employ forensic accountants either to investigate the standard of work performed or to establish the losses suffered by the plaintiff. Insurance companies often engage forensic accountants to verify and report on the amounts of losses suffered by a claimant where there is a dispute between the claimant and the company. Due to the nature of this work forensic accountants will very ofte